| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| G Maguir. Rapid desensitization converts prolonged glutamate release into a transient EPSC at ribbon synapses between retinal bipolar and amacrine cells. The European journal of neuroscience. vol 11. issue 1. 1999-04-01. PMID:9987038. |
cyclothiazide, a drug that eliminates rapid desensitization, lengthened the time course of the glutamate gated current from tau 1/2 = 85 ms to about 3 s, and the relaxation kinetics of the glutamatergic epsc from tau 1/2 = 85 ms to about 1.0 s. these data suggest that a key determinant in forming transient versus sustained responses in amacrine cells of vertebrate retina is the differences in their excitatory, glutamatergic synaptic inputs, and that rapid desensitization of glutamate receptors plays a role in converting the presynaptic signal associated with sustained glutamate release into a postsynaptic, transient signal at the ribbon synapse. |
1999-04-01 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| T A Blute, J De Grenier, W D Eldre. Stimulation with N-methyl-D-aspartate or kainic acid increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate-like immunoreactivity in turtle retina: involvement of nitric oxide synthase. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 404. issue 1. 1999-03-22. PMID:9886026. |
we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in turtle retina would result in increases in cgmp through an nos/no/cgmp pathway. |
1999-03-22 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| D I Vaney, J C Nelson, D V Po. Neurotransmitter coupling through gap junctions in the retina. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 18. issue 24. 1999-02-25. PMID:9852595. |
although all bipolar cells in the retina probably use the excitatory transmitter glutamate, approximately half of the cone bipolar cells also contain elevated levels of the inhibitory transmitter glycine. |
1999-02-25 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| S H DeVries, E A Schwart. Kainate receptors mediate synaptic transmission between cones and 'Off' bipolar cells in a mammalian retina. Nature. vol 397. issue 6715. 1999-02-11. PMID:9923677. |
here we show, by recording from a cone and a synaptically connected 'off' bipolar cell in slices of retina from the ground squirrel, that transmission is mediated by glutamate receptors of the kainate-preferring subtype. |
1999-02-11 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| L F Sampaio, R Paes-de-Carvalh. Developmental regulation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in the avian retina. Neurochemistry international. vol 33. issue 4. 1999-02-10. PMID:9840228. |
developmental regulation of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in the avian retina. |
1999-02-10 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| L F Sampaio, R Paes-de-Carvalh. Developmental regulation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in the avian retina. Neurochemistry international. vol 33. issue 4. 1999-02-10. PMID:9840228. |
in the present work we show that l-2-amine-4-phosphonobutyric acid (l-ap4), the major agonist of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs), inhibits the accumulation of cyclic amp induced by forskolin in the chick retina. |
1999-02-10 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| L Lima, F Obregón, P Matu. Taurine, glutamate and GABA modulate the outgrowth from goldfish retinal explants and its concentrations are affected by the crush of the optic nerve. Amino acids. vol 15. issue 3. 1999-01-26. PMID:9871499. |
the concentrations of taurine, glutamate and gaba were determined by hplc with fluorescent detection in the retina of goldfish at various days post-crushing the optic nerve. |
1999-01-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M Honda, M Inoue, Y Okada, M Yamamot. Alteration of the GABAergic neuronal system of the retina and superior colliculus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. The Kobe journal of medical sciences. vol 44. issue 1. 1999-01-12. PMID:9846053. |
we determined the gaba content and activities of glutamate decarboxylase (gad) and gaba transaminase (gaba-t) in the retina and superior colliculus (sc) in streptozotocin (stz)-induced dm rats. |
1999-01-12 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| J Servier. [Understanding the action of the circadian clock: from phenomenologic ideas to molecular activity]. Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales. vol 192. issue 4. 1999-01-07. PMID:9842472. |
the anatomy of the scn and its major afferents from the retina (glutamate, substance p), raphe (serotonin) and intergeniculate leaflet (neuropeptide y) of the thalamus are presented with a special emphasis on the interaction of these inputs with the circadian timekeeping mechanism. |
1999-01-07 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| S Gotzes, J de Vente, F Mülle. Nitric oxide modulates cGMP levels in neurons of the inner and outer retina in opposite ways. Visual neuroscience. vol 15. issue 5. 1998-12-30. PMID:9764536. |
glutamate increased cg-ir in the inner retina, presumably by stimulating endogenous no release, whereas nos inhibitors or gaba and glycine decreased cg-ir in bipolar cells by reducing no release. |
1998-12-30 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| G D Zeevalk, N Davis, A G Hyndman, W J Nickla. Origins of the extracellular glutamate released during total metabolic blockade in the immature retina. Journal of neurochemistry. vol 71. issue 6. 1998-12-18. PMID:9832135. |
origins of the extracellular glutamate released during total metabolic blockade in the immature retina. |
1998-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| G D Zeevalk, N Davis, A G Hyndman, W J Nickla. Origins of the extracellular glutamate released during total metabolic blockade in the immature retina. Journal of neurochemistry. vol 71. issue 6. 1998-12-18. PMID:9832135. |
previous studies have shown that complete blockade of metabolism in embryonic chick retina causes a time-dependent increase in the release of glutamate into the extracellular space. |
1998-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| G D Zeevalk, N Davis, A G Hyndman, W J Nickla. Origins of the extracellular glutamate released during total metabolic blockade in the immature retina. Journal of neurochemistry. vol 71. issue 6. 1998-12-18. PMID:9832135. |
to study the cellular source of glutamate released during total metabolic blockade, whole retina were prelabeled with [3h]acetate plus [u-14c]glucose (to label the neuronal compartment). |
1998-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| G D Zeevalk, N Davis, A G Hyndman, W J Nickla. Origins of the extracellular glutamate released during total metabolic blockade in the immature retina. Journal of neurochemistry. vol 71. issue 6. 1998-12-18. PMID:9832135. |
during total energy blockade, net extracellular glutamate was not elevated at 5 min [0.17 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.01 microm for treated vs. control retina (means +/- sem), respectively], but was increased significantly at 15 (1.2 +/- 0.26 microm) and 30 min (2.6 +/- 0.22 microm). |
1998-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| D Huster, O P Hjelle, F M Haug, E A Nagelhus, W Reichelt, O P Otterse. Subcellular compartmentation of glutathione and glutathione precursors. A high resolution immunogold analysis of the outer retina of guinea pig. Anatomy and embryology. vol 198. issue 4. 1998-12-17. PMID:9764542. |
selective antibodies were used to assess the cellular and subcellular localization of glutathione, and the glutathione precursors gamma-glutamylcysteine, glutamate, and cysteine, in neuronal (photoreceptors) and non-neuronal (pigment epithelial cells and müller cells) cell types in the outer retina of the guinea pig. |
1998-12-17 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Shoge, H K Mishima, T Saitoh, K Ishihara, Y Tamura, H Shiomi, M Sas. Protective effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide against delayed glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured retina. Brain research. vol 809. issue 1. 1998-12-16. PMID:9795184. |
protective effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide against delayed glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured retina. |
1998-12-16 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| A Akaike, T Kum. [Regulation of neuronal death by endogenous protective factors]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica. vol 112. issue 3. 1998-12-08. PMID:9793072. |
nitric oxide (no) mediates glutamate neurotoxicity observed in the primary culture derived from the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra and retina. |
1998-12-08 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| P R Hof, P Y Lee, G Yeung, R F Wang, S M Podos, J H Morriso. Glutamate receptor subunit GluR2 and NMDAR1 immunoreactivity in the retina of macaque monkeys with experimental glaucoma does not identify vulnerable neurons. Experimental neurology. vol 153. issue 2. 1998-11-25. PMID:9784283. |
glutamate receptor subunit glur2 and nmdar1 immunoreactivity in the retina of macaque monkeys with experimental glaucoma does not identify vulnerable neurons. |
1998-11-25 |
2023-08-12 |
monkey |
| T Lu, Y Shen, X L Yan. Desensitization of AMPA receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina. Neuroscience research. vol 31. issue 2. 1998-11-20. PMID:9700718. |
in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. |
1998-11-20 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| F WALD, E DE ROBERTI. The action of glutamate and the problem of the "extracellular space" in the retina. An electron microscope study. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie (Vienna, Austria : 1948). vol 55. 1998-11-01. PMID:14004517. |
the action of glutamate and the problem of the "extracellular space" in the retina. |
1998-11-01 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |