| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| S Bisti, C Gargini, L M Chalup. Blockade of glutamate-mediated activity in the developing retina perturbs the functional segregation of ON and OFF pathways. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 18. issue 13. 1998-07-02. PMID:9634567. |
this ontogenetic event is thought to depend on glutamate-mediated afferent activity, because treating the developing retina with the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (apb), which hyperpolarizes on cone bipolar cells and rod bipolar cells, thereby preventing their release of glutamate, effectively arrests the dendritic stratification process. |
1998-07-02 |
2023-08-12 |
cat |
| E Lieth, A J Barber, B Xu, C Dice, M J Ratz, D Tanase, J M Strothe. Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy. Penn State Retina Research Group. Diabetes. vol 47. issue 5. 1998-05-27. PMID:9588455. |
these findings suggest a novel understanding of the mechanism of neural degeneration in the retina during diabetes, involving early and possibly persistent glutamate excitotoxicity. |
1998-05-27 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| T Harada, C Harada, M Watanabe, Y Inoue, T Sakagawa, N Nakayama, S Sasaki, S Okuyama, K Watase, K Wada, K Tanak. Functions of the two glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in the retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol 95. issue 8. 1998-05-13. PMID:9539795. |
functions of the two glutamate transporters glast and glt-1 in the retina. |
1998-05-13 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| T Harada, C Harada, M Watanabe, Y Inoue, T Sakagawa, N Nakayama, S Sasaki, S Okuyama, K Watase, K Wada, K Tanak. Functions of the two glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in the retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol 95. issue 8. 1998-05-13. PMID:9539795. |
in the retina, the glutamate transporter glast is expressed in müller cells, whereas the glutamate transporter glt-1 is found only in cones and various types of bipolar cells. |
1998-05-13 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| M Spiridon, D Kamm, B Billups, P Mobbs, D Attwel. Modulation by zinc of the glutamate transporters in glial cells and cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina. The Journal of physiology. vol 506 ( Pt 2). 1998-05-07. PMID:9490865. |
modulation by zinc of the glutamate transporters in glial cells and cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina. |
1998-05-07 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M Spiridon, D Kamm, B Billups, P Mobbs, D Attwel. Modulation by zinc of the glutamate transporters in glial cells and cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina. The Journal of physiology. vol 506 ( Pt 2). 1998-05-07. PMID:9490865. |
we whole-cell-clamped glial (müller) cells isolated from the salamander retina to investigate the effect of zinc on glutamate transporters in these cells. |
1998-05-07 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| D Hicks, V Heidinger, S Mohand-Said, J Sahel, H Dreyfu. Growth factors and gangliosides as neuroprotective agents in excitotoxicity and ischemia. General pharmacology. vol 30. issue 3. 1998-05-06. PMID:9510073. |
we used three different experimental models to investigate their relevance to ischemic and excitotoxic conditions in the retina and have shown that: (a) both bfgf and egf show highly effective neuroprotection for rat retinal neurons exposed to toxic levels of glutamate or its nonphysiological agonist kainate in vitro (b) retinal glial cells suffer morphological perturbations after glutamate or kainate treatment, and this effect depends on neuron-glial interactions; (c) these glial changes can also be corrected by posttreatment with either bfgf or egf in vitro; (d) with the use of an in vivo animal model involving anterior chamber pressure-induced ischemia in adult rats, either pretreatment by intraperitoneal injection of gm1 or posttreatment by intraocular injection of the same ganglioside significantly reduces histological damage to inner nuclear regions. |
1998-05-06 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| C Bonne, A Muller, M Villai. Free radicals in retinal ischemia. General pharmacology. vol 30. issue 3. 1998-05-06. PMID:9510074. |
the targets of ros that can be responsible for functional damage of the retina are numerous: na+-k+-atpase inhibition leads to ionic imbalance and electroretinogram alteration; inhibition of glutamate transporter contributes to excitotoxicity. |
1998-05-06 |
2023-08-12 |
rabbit |
| A Muller, L Maurin, C Bonn. Free radicals and glutamate uptake in the retina. General pharmacology. vol 30. issue 3. 1998-05-06. PMID:9510079. |
free radicals and glutamate uptake in the retina. |
1998-05-06 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| M Sasoh, N Ma, S Yoshida, R Semba, Y Uj. Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. vol 39. issue 5. 1998-04-13. PMID:9538886. |
immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina. |
1998-04-13 |
2023-08-12 |
cat |
| M Sasoh, N Ma, S Yoshida, R Semba, Y Uj. Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. vol 39. issue 5. 1998-04-13. PMID:9538886. |
glutamate immunoreactivity in the mammalian retina has generally been observed using immersion fixation. |
1998-04-13 |
2023-08-12 |
cat |
| M Sasoh, N Ma, S Yoshida, R Semba, Y Uj. Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. vol 39. issue 5. 1998-04-13. PMID:9538886. |
the authors investigated glutamate immunoreactivity in the detached cat retina and reevaluated this activity in the normal retina using rapid fixation by perfusion. |
1998-04-13 |
2023-08-12 |
cat |
| A Bringmann, A Reichenbac. Heterogenous expression of Ca2+-dependent K+ currents by Müller glial cells. Neuroreport. vol 8. issue 18. 1998-03-19. PMID:9462452. |
as glutamate is a major neurotransmitter of the retina, and the membrane properties of müller cells are largely determined by their k+ channels, the observed data may shed new light onto the functions of retinal glia. |
1998-03-19 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M Sugioka, Y Fukuda, M Yamashit. Development of glutamate-induced intracellular Ca2+ rise in the embryonic chick retina. Journal of neurobiology. vol 34. issue 2. 1998-03-13. PMID:9468383. |
glutamate was bath-applied to the central part of the retina dissected at embryonic day 3 (e3) to e13, and changes in intracellular ca2+ concentration were measured with fura-2 fluorescence. |
1998-03-13 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| M Sugioka, Y Fukuda, M Yamashit. Development of glutamate-induced intracellular Ca2+ rise in the embryonic chick retina. Journal of neurobiology. vol 34. issue 2. 1998-03-13. PMID:9468383. |
our study shows that the ca2+ rise to glutamate develops with the decline of the mitotic activity of the retinal cells and is transiently enhanced during the period of cell death in the embryonic chick retina. |
1998-03-13 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| G D Zeevalk, W J Nickla. Contribution of glial metabolism to neuronal damage caused by partial inhibition of energy metabolism in retina. Experimental eye research. vol 65. issue 3. 1998-03-10. PMID:9299176. |
its selective effect on chick retinal müller cells was verified by measuring incorporation of radiolabel from 3h-acetate and u-14c-glucose into glutamate and glutamine following exposure of isolated embryonic day 15-18 chick retina to 20 microm fluorocitrate. |
1998-03-10 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| F Hoover, M H Hankin, J D Radel, J S Reese, D Goldma. Axon-target interactions maintain synaptic gene expression in retinae transplanted to intracranial regions of the rat. Brain research. Molecular brain research. vol 51. issue 1-2. 1998-02-17. PMID:9427514. |
taken together, these results support the hypothesis that proper axon-target interactions are required for maintenance of nachr and glutamate receptor gene expression in the mature vertebrate retina. |
1998-02-17 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| S Eliasof, J L Arriza, B H Leighton, M P Kavanaugh, S G Amar. Excitatory amino acid transporters of the salamander retina: identification, localization, and function. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 18. issue 2. 1998-02-03. PMID:9425012. |
because the physiology of glutamate transport in the salamander retina has been well described, we have examined the expression and function of glutamate transporter subtypes in this preparation. |
1998-02-03 |
2023-08-12 |
xenopus_laevis |
| T Rauen, W R Taylor, K Kuhlbrodt, M Wiessne. High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and tissue research. vol 291. issue 1. 1998-02-02. PMID:9394040. |
high-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter glast-1 in transmitter clearance. |
1998-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| T Rauen, W R Taylor, K Kuhlbrodt, M Wiessne. High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and tissue research. vol 291. issue 1. 1998-02-02. PMID:9394040. |
glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian retina and glutamate uptake is essential for normal transmission at glutamatergic synapses. |
1998-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |