| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| T Rauen, W R Taylor, K Kuhlbrodt, M Wiessne. High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and tissue research. vol 291. issue 1. 1998-02-02. PMID:9394040. |
the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has revealed the presence of three different high-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina, viz. |
1998-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| T Rauen, W R Taylor, K Kuhlbrodt, M Wiessne. High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and tissue research. vol 291. issue 1. 1998-02-02. PMID:9394040. |
by using membrane vesicle preparations of total rat retina, we show that glutamate uptake in the retina is a high-affinity electrogenic sodium-dependent transport process driven by the transmembrane sodium ion gradient. |
1998-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| T Rauen, W R Taylor, K Kuhlbrodt, M Wiessne. High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and tissue research. vol 291. issue 1. 1998-02-02. PMID:9394040. |
by regulating the extracellular glutamate concentration, the action of glast-1 in müller cells may extend beyond the protection of neurons from excitotoxicity; we suggest a mechanism by which müller cell glutamate transport might play an active role in shaping the time course of excitatory transmission in the retina. |
1998-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Y D Bao, H Zhu, X Zh. [Studies on glutamate and GABA receptor expressed in amphibian oocytes after injection of carp retina mRNA]. Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]. vol 48. issue 4. 1998-01-20. PMID:9389205. |
[studies on glutamate and gaba receptor expressed in amphibian oocytes after injection of carp retina mrna]. |
1998-01-20 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| V Heidinger, D Hicks, J Sahel, H Dreyfu. Peptide growth factors but not ganglioside protect against excitotoxicity in rat retinal neurons in vitro. Brain research. vol 767. issue 2. 1998-01-15. PMID:9367259. |
glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina, but excessive stimulation of its receptors leads to widespread neuronal stress and death. |
1998-01-15 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| H Ued. Multiple forms of AMPA-type glutamate receptor mRNA phenotypes in goldfish retina and tectum. General pharmacology. vol 29. issue 4. 1998-01-08. PMID:9352305. |
multiple forms of ampa-type glutamate receptor mrna phenotypes in goldfish retina and tectum. |
1998-01-08 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Schultz, D J Goldman, T Ohtsuka, J Hirano, L Barton, W K Stel. Identification and localization of an immunoreactive AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit (GluR4) with respect to identified photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina. Journal of neurocytology. vol 26. issue 10. 1997-12-24. PMID:9368879. |
identification and localization of an immunoreactive ampa-type glutamate receptor subunit (glur4) with respect to identified photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina. |
1997-12-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| K Schultz, D J Goldman, T Ohtsuka, J Hirano, L Barton, W K Stel. Identification and localization of an immunoreactive AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit (GluR4) with respect to identified photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina. Journal of neurocytology. vol 26. issue 10. 1997-12-24. PMID:9368879. |
l-glutamate, the main excitatory synaptic transmitter in the retina, is released from photoreceptors and evokes responses in second-order retinal neurons (horizontal, bipolar cells) which utilize both ionotropic and metabotropic types of glutamate receptors. |
1997-12-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| K Schultz, D J Goldman, T Ohtsuka, J Hirano, L Barton, W K Stel. Identification and localization of an immunoreactive AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit (GluR4) with respect to identified photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina. Journal of neurocytology. vol 26. issue 10. 1997-12-24. PMID:9368879. |
in the present study, to elucidate the functional roles of glutamate receptors in synaptic transmission, we have identified a specific ionotropic receptor subunit (glur4) and determined its localization with respect to photoreceptor cells in the outer plexiform layer of the goldfish retina by light and pre-embedding electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry. |
1997-12-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| K Schultz, D J Goldman, T Ohtsuka, J Hirano, L Barton, W K Stel. Identification and localization of an immunoreactive AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit (GluR4) with respect to identified photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina. Journal of neurocytology. vol 26. issue 10. 1997-12-24. PMID:9368879. |
we screened antisera to mammalian ampa (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate)-preferring ionotropic glutamate receptors (glur 1-4) of goldfish retina by light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry. |
1997-12-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| E L Fletcher, M Kalloniati. Neurochemical development of the degenerating rat retina. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 388. issue 1. 1997-12-22. PMID:9364235. |
we used postembedding immunocytochemistry to determine the localisation of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glycine, aspartate, glutamine, taurine, and arginine in the rcs rat retina during postnatal development. |
1997-12-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| E L Fletcher, M Kalloniati. Neurochemical development of the degenerating rat retina. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 388. issue 1. 1997-12-22. PMID:9364235. |
müller's cells displayed elevated levels of glutamine and arginine from an early age, and the neuroblastic layer in the rcs retina showed high glutamate levels. |
1997-12-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| I L Ferreira, C B Duarte, A P Carvalh. 'Chemical ischemia' in cultured retina cells: the role of excitatory amino acid receptors and of energy levels on cell death. Brain research. vol 768. issue 1-2. 1997-12-18. PMID:9369312. |
in this study, we determined whether the retina cell death observed in response to an ischemic-like insult is related to an overactivation of the ionotropic glutamate receptors and/or to a collapse of the energy levels. |
1997-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| J H Brandstätter, P Koulen, H Wässl. Selective synaptic distribution of kainate receptor subunits in the two plexiform layers of the rat retina. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 17. issue 23. 1997-12-15. PMID:9364075. |
the synaptic localization of the kainate receptor subunits glur6/7 and ka2 and of the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits delta1/2 was studied in the rat retina using receptor-specific antisera. |
1997-12-15 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| A Germer, C Jahnke, A Mack, V Enzmann, A Reichenbac. Modification of glutamine synthetase expression by mammalian Müller (glial) cells in retinal organ cultures. Neuroreport. vol 8. issue 14. 1997-11-26. PMID:9331915. |
in the retina, gs is exclusively expressed by glial (müller) cells where it serves to convert neuron-released active transmitter substances (glutamate and gaba) into glutamine. |
1997-11-26 |
2023-08-12 |
rabbit |
| S A Keirstead, R F Mille. Metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists evoke calcium waves in isolated Müller cells. Glia. vol 21. issue 2. 1997-11-26. PMID:9336234. |
glutamate is the most prominent excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina and brain. |
1997-11-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| S A Keirstead, R F Mille. Metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists evoke calcium waves in isolated Müller cells. Glia. vol 21. issue 2. 1997-11-26. PMID:9336234. |
the experiments presented here demonstrate that müller cells isolated from the tiger salamander retina have metabotropic glutamate receptors that, when activated, lead to the release of calcium ions (ca2+) from intracellular stores. |
1997-11-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M J Eliasson, P McCaffery, R W Baughman, U C Dräge. A ventrodorsal GABA gradient in the embryonic retina prior to expression of glutamate decarboxylase. Neuroscience. vol 79. issue 3. 1997-10-23. PMID:9219949. |
a ventrodorsal gaba gradient in the embryonic retina prior to expression of glutamate decarboxylase. |
1997-10-23 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| P Panzanelli, D Cantino, M Sassòe-Pognett. Co-localization of carnosine and glutamate in photoreceptors and bipolar cells of the frog retina. Brain research. vol 758. issue 1-2. 1997-09-16. PMID:9203543. |
co-localization of carnosine and glutamate in photoreceptors and bipolar cells of the frog retina. |
1997-09-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| P Panzanelli, D Cantino, M Sassòe-Pognett. Co-localization of carnosine and glutamate in photoreceptors and bipolar cells of the frog retina. Brain research. vol 758. issue 1-2. 1997-09-16. PMID:9203543. |
immunocytochemical methods were used to visualize carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine)-like immunoreactivity (-li) in the frog retina and to compare its localization with that of glutamate. |
1997-09-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |