| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| B M Simon, F Malisan, R Testi, P Nicotera, M Leis. Disialoganglioside GD3 is released by microglia and induces oligodendrocyte apoptosis. Cell death and differentiation. vol 9. issue 7. 2003-01-14. PMID:12058281. |
disialoganglioside gd3 is released by microglia and induces oligodendrocyte apoptosis. |
2003-01-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Kazuhide Inou. Microglial activation by purines and pyrimidines. Glia. vol 40. issue 2. 2003-01-14. PMID:12379903. |
activated microglia act as scavenger cells that induce apoptosis in damaged neurons by releasing toxic factors, including no, and removing dead cells, their remnants, or dangerous debris by phagocytosis. |
2003-01-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Gwenn A Garde. Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration. Glia. vol 40. issue 2. 2003-01-14. PMID:12379911. |
several neurotoxic immunomodulatory factors are released from infected and activated microglia, leading to altered neuronal function, synaptic and dendritic degeneration, and eventual neuronal apoptosis. |
2003-01-14 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Naoki Kaya, Shuuitsu Tanaka, Tatsuro Koik. ATP selectively suppresses the synthesis of the inflammatory protein microglial response factor (MRF)-1 through Ca(2+) influx via P2X(7) receptors in cultured microglia. Brain research. vol 952. issue 1. 2002-12-10. PMID:12363408. |
the gene was isolated from activated microglia in response to apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons in culture and is upregulated in response to neuronal death and degeneration in vivo. |
2002-12-10 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Mauro Vairano, Cinzia Dello Russo, Giacomo Pozzoli, Alessandra Battaglia, Giovanni Scambia, Giuseppe Tringali, Maria Antonietta Aloe-Spiriti, Paolo Preziosi, Pierluigi Navarr. Erythropoietin exerts anti-apoptotic effects on rat microglial cells in vitro. The European journal of neuroscience. vol 16. issue 4. 2002-11-22. PMID:12270034. |
we found that: (i) epo exerted a marked stimulatory effect on microglial cell viability, assessed through the mts assay, whereas astrocytes were almost unaffected; (ii) the cytokine increased microglial cell population size in a concentration-dependent manner; however, as microglia cultures undergo spontaneous apoptosis after separation from astrocytes, the apparent effect on cell proliferation could be attributed to epo antagonism of normal apoptosis; (iii) subsequent flow cytometry analysis on microglial cells demonstrated both the trophic role of factor(s) released by astrocytes in mixed cultures, and the putative anti-apoptotic action of epo; (iv) the latter was further confirmed through the assessment of gene expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors, which showed that epo is able to shift the bcl : bax ratio towards a net anti-apoptotic effect; (v) epo did not affect the pro-inflammatory function of microglial cells. |
2002-11-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
in this study, we investigated the effect of morphine on apoptosis of primary human fetal microglial cell, astrocyte and neuronal cell cultures. |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
exposure of microglia and neurons to 10(-6) m morphine potently induced apoptosis of these brain cells (approximately fourfold increase above untreated control cells). |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
in contrast to microglia and neurons, astrocytes were completely resistant to morphine-induced apoptosis. |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
concentration-response and time-course studies indicated that neurons were more sensitive than microglia to morphine's effect on apoptosis. |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Shuxian Hu, Wen S Sheng, James R Lokensgard, Phillip K Peterso. Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons. Neuropharmacology. vol 42. issue 6. 2002-09-25. PMID:12015209. |
potent inhibition (>70%) of apoptosis by an inhibitor of caspase-3 as well as co-localization of active caspase-3 and dna fragmentation in microglia or neurons treated with morphine indicated that caspase-3 is involved in the execution phase of morphine-induced apoptosis. |
2002-09-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| W J Strei. Microglia and macrophages in the developing CNS. Neurotoxicology. vol 22. issue 5. 2002-05-22. PMID:11770883. |
current concepts and ideas which implicate microglia in diverse developmental processes, such as apoptosis, axon growth, and vasculogenesis are discussed. |
2002-05-22 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R S Nicholas, S Stevens, M G Wing, D A Compsto. Microglia-derived IGF-2 prevents TNFalpha induced death of mature oligodendrocytes in vitro. Journal of neuroimmunology. vol 124. issue 1-2. 2002-05-02. PMID:11958820. |
insulin-like growth factor-2 (igf-2) present in media conditioned by non-activated and interferon gamma (ifn gamma)-treated microglia reduces galactocerebroside(+) (galc) oligodendrocyte apoptosis in cultures derived both from the cg4 cell line and primary rat cortices. |
2002-05-02 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Simone Roberta De, Maria Antonietta Ajmone-Cat, Alessia Nicolini, Luisa Minghett. Expression of phosphatidylserine receptor and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecule production by its natural ligand in rat microglial cultures. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology. vol 61. issue 3. 2002-03-27. PMID:11895038. |
in spite of the important role of apoptosis in the cns, the process of apoptotic neuron recognition by microglia is poorly understood. |
2002-03-27 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Robert Veerhuis, Jeroen J M Hoozemans, Ingrid Janssen, Ronald S Boshuizen, Jan P M Langeveld, Piet Eikelenboo. Adult human microglia secrete cytokines when exposed to neurotoxic prion protein peptide: no intermediary role for prostaglandin E2. Brain research. vol 925. issue 2. 2002-03-18. PMID:11792368. |
the time course of prp deposition, appearance of activated microglia, and of neuronal apoptosis in experimentally-induced prion disease suggests that microglial activation precedes the process of neuronal loss. |
2002-03-18 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| B Van Everbroeck, E Dewulf, Ph Pals, U Lübke, J-J Martin, P Cra. The role of cytokines, astrocytes, microglia and apoptosis in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurobiology of aging. vol 23. issue 1. 2002-02-28. PMID:11755020. |
the role of cytokines, astrocytes, microglia and apoptosis in creutzfeldt-jakob disease. |
2002-02-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| B Van Everbroeck, E Dewulf, Ph Pals, U Lübke, J-J Martin, P Cra. The role of cytokines, astrocytes, microglia and apoptosis in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurobiology of aging. vol 23. issue 1. 2002-02-28. PMID:11755020. |
in order to investigate inflammation and apoptosis in creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) patients, we analyzed astrocytes, microglia and apoptotic neurons in brain and il-1beta in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). |
2002-02-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Heather A Arnett, Ron P Hellendall, Glenn K Matsushima, Kinuko Suzuki, Victor E Laubach, Paula Sherman, Jenny P-Y Tin. The protective role of nitric oxide in a neurotoxicant-induced demyelinating model. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). vol 168. issue 1. 2002-01-11. PMID:11751989. |
microglia and astrocytes did not undergo apoptosis during treatment. |
2002-01-11 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| M P Pender, M J Ris. Apoptosis of inflammatory cells in immune control of the nervous system: role of glia. Glia. vol 36. issue 2. 2002-01-04. PMID:11596122. |
t cells, b cells, macrophages, and microglia all undergo apoptosis in the cns. |
2002-01-04 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| J S Braun, R Novak, P J Murray, C M Eischen, S A Susin, G Kroemer, A Halle, J R Weber, E I Tuomanen, J L Clevelan. Apoptosis-inducing factor mediates microglial and neuronal apoptosis caused by pneumococcus. The Journal of infectious diseases. vol 184. issue 10. 2001-12-19. PMID:11679919. |
a trigger of this pathway is the bacterium itself, as exposure of microglia or neurons to live pneumococci induces rapid apoptosis. |
2001-12-19 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |