| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| Masanori Tachikawa, Masashi Okamoto, Shirou Hirose, Daisuke Yoneyama, Shin-ichi Akanuma, Tetsuya Terasaki, Ken-ichi Hosoy. Inner blood-retinal barrier mediates l-isomer-predominant transport of serine. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. vol 100. issue 9. 2011-10-27. PMID:21590774. |
d-serine, a coagonist for n-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, which mediate visual signal transmission, is thought to be generated from l-serine via serine racemase in the retina. |
2011-10-27 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Makoto Ishikawa, Takeshi Yoshitomi, Charles F Zorumski, Yukitoshi Izum. Downregulation of glutamine synthetase via GLAST suppression induces retinal axonal swelling in a rat ex vivo hydrostatic pressure model. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. vol 52. issue 9. 2011-10-20. PMID:21775659. |
glast, a major glutamate transporter in the retina, and glutamine synthetase (gs) regulate extracellular glutamate accumulation and prevent excitotoxicity. |
2011-10-20 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Armanda Gameiro, Simona Braams, Thomas Rauen, Christof Grewe. The discovery of slowness: low-capacity transport and slow anion channel gating by the glutamate transporter EAAT5. Biophysical journal. vol 100. issue 11. 2011-09-22. PMID:21641307. |
overall, our results suggest that eaat5 may not act as a classical high-capacity glutamate transporter in the retina; rather, it may function as a slow-gated glutamate receptor and/or glutamate buffering system. |
2011-09-22 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Eva Dütting, Nadja Schröder-Kress, Heinrich Sticht, Ralf En. SUMO E3 ligases are expressed in the retina and regulate SUMOylation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 8b. The Biochemical journal. vol 435. issue 2. 2011-09-16. PMID:21288202. |
sumo e3 ligases are expressed in the retina and regulate sumoylation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 8b. |
2011-09-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Lily Alexandrova Vitanov. Immunocytochemical study of NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptor in frog retina (Rana ridibunda). Acta histochemica. vol 113. issue 5. 2011-08-08. PMID:20599250. |
the nmda receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are involved in a variety of functions in the nervous system and in particular in the retina. |
2011-08-08 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Filipa I Baptista, Joana M Gaspar, Armando Cristóvão, Paulo F Santos, Attila Köfalvi, António F Ambrósi. Diabetes induces early transient changes in the content of vesicular transporters and no major effects in neurotransmitter release in hippocampus and retina. Brain research. vol 1383. 2011-08-02. PMID:21281613. |
after eight weeks of diabetes, the basal release of glutamate slightly increased in hippocampus and the evoked gaba release decreased in retina. |
2011-08-02 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Hideaki Okumichi, Takashi Kanamoto, Nazariy Souchelnytskyi, Seiji Tanimoto, Kohichi Tanaka, Yoshiaki Kiuch. Proteomic analyses of retina of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 deficient mice. Proteome science. vol 5. 2011-07-14. PMID:17711584. |
excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (eaac1) is a glutamate transporter found in neuronal tissues and is extensively expressed in the retina. |
2011-07-14 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| Charanjit Kaur, Wallace S Foulds, Eng-Ang Lin. Hypoxia-ischemia and retinal ganglion cell damage. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.). vol 2. issue 4. 2011-07-14. PMID:19668442. |
activation of glutamate receptors is thought to initiate damage in the retina by a cascade of biochemical effects such as neuronal nos activation and increase in intracellular ca(2+) which has been described as a major contributing factor to rgc loss. |
2011-07-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| b' Marta Villarroel, Andreea Ciudin, Cristina Hern\\xc3\\xa1ndez, Rafael Sim\\xc3\\xb. Neurodegeneration: An early event of diabetic retinopathy. World journal of diabetes. vol 1. issue 2. 2011-07-14. PMID:21537428.' |
therefore, the study of the mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration will be essential to identify new therapeutic targets in the early stages of dr. elevated levels of glutamate and the overexpression of the renin- angiotensin-system play an essential role in the neurodegenerative process that occurs in diabetic retina. |
2011-07-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R Scott Duncan, Hua Xin, Daryl L Goad, Kent D Chapman, Peter Koule. Protection of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer against excitotoxicity by the N-acylethanolamine, N-linoleoylethanolamine. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.). vol 5. 2011-07-14. PMID:21573043. |
one pathophysiological consequence of glaucoma is excessive extracellular glutamate subsequently leading to excitotoxicity in the retina. |
2011-07-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R Scott Duncan, Hua Xin, Daryl L Goad, Kent D Chapman, Peter Koule. Protection of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer against excitotoxicity by the N-acylethanolamine, N-linoleoylethanolamine. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.). vol 5. 2011-07-14. PMID:21573043. |
here, we determined whether the noncannabinoid nae, linoleoylethanolamine (nae18:2), protects neurons in the rgc layer against glutamate excitotoxicity in ex-vivo retina cultures. |
2011-07-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| E M Guimarães-Souza, P F Gardino, F G De Mello, K C Calaz. A calcium-dependent glutamate release induced by metabotropic glutamate receptors I/II promotes GABA efflux from amacrine cells via a transporter-mediated process. Neuroscience. vol 179. 2011-07-13. PMID:21277953. |
glutamate and gaba are, respectively, the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, participating in the two pathways through which the retina processes light information. |
2011-07-13 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| E M Guimarães-Souza, P F Gardino, F G De Mello, K C Calaz. A calcium-dependent glutamate release induced by metabotropic glutamate receptors I/II promotes GABA efflux from amacrine cells via a transporter-mediated process. Neuroscience. vol 179. 2011-07-13. PMID:21277953. |
it is well established that glutamate can also activate metabotropic glutamate receptors, which are widely distributed in the retina, and can be detected in amacrine cell bodies and synaptic contacts. |
2011-07-13 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| E M Guimarães-Souza, P F Gardino, F G De Mello, K C Calaz. A calcium-dependent glutamate release induced by metabotropic glutamate receptors I/II promotes GABA efflux from amacrine cells via a transporter-mediated process. Neuroscience. vol 179. 2011-07-13. PMID:21277953. |
thus, we decided to investigate the role of the activation of groups i and ii metabotropic glutamate receptors in gaba release from amacrine cells in the chicken retina. |
2011-07-13 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| Won-Kyu Ju, Keun-Young Ki. Measuring glutamate receptor activation-induced apoptotic cell death in ischemic rat retina using the TUNEL assay. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). vol 740. 2011-07-12. PMID:21468976. |
measuring glutamate receptor activation-induced apoptotic cell death in ischemic rat retina using the tunel assay. |
2011-07-12 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Won-Kyu Ju, Keun-Young Ki. Measuring glutamate receptor activation-induced apoptotic cell death in ischemic rat retina using the TUNEL assay. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). vol 740. 2011-07-12. PMID:21468976. |
although the precise mechanisms of ischemia-induced neuronal death are unknown, glutamate excitotoxicity-induced apoptotic cell death is considered to be an important component of postischemic damage in the retina. |
2011-07-12 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Won-Kyu Ju, Keun-Young Ki. Measuring glutamate receptor activation-induced apoptotic cell death in ischemic rat retina using the TUNEL assay. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). vol 740. 2011-07-12. PMID:21468976. |
the blockade of apoptotic cell death induced by glutamate receptor activation provides strong evidence that glutamate excitotoxicity-induced apoptotic cell death may be a central mechanism of cell death in ischemic rat retina. |
2011-07-12 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Leonardo Henrique Ribeiro Graciani de Lima, Kátia Pereira dos Santos, Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucc. Clock genes, melanopsins, melatonin, and dopamine key enzymes and their modulation by light and glutamate in chicken embryonic retinal cells. Chronobiology international. vol 28. issue 2. 2011-04-18. PMID:21231870. |
primary cultures of chicken retina from 8-day-old embryos were kept in constant dark (dd), in 12-h light/12-h dark (12l:12d), in 12l:12d followed by dd, or in dd in the absence or presence of 100 µm glutamate for 12 h. total rna was extracted throughout a 24-h span, every 3 h starting at zeitgeber time 0 (zt0) of the 6th day, and submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by quantitative pcr (qpcr) for mrna quantification. |
2011-04-18 |
2023-08-12 |
chicken |
| Christian Puller, Silke Haverkam. Cell-type-specific localization of protocadherin β16 at AMPA and AMPA/Kainate receptor-containing synapses in the primate retina. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 519. issue 3. 2011-04-11. PMID:21192079. |
here we analyzed the expression pattern of pcdh subunit β16 (β16) in the primate retina by applying antibodies against β16, different subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors (glurs), and cell-type-specific markers as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and western blots. |
2011-04-11 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| C Harada, K Namekata, X Guo, H Yoshida, Y Mitamura, Y Matsumoto, K Tanaka, H Ichijo, T Harad. ASK1 deficiency attenuates neural cell death in GLAST-deficient mice, a model of normal tension glaucoma. Cell death and differentiation. vol 17. issue 11. 2011-03-21. PMID:20489729. |
in the mammalian retina, glutamate/aspartate transporter (glast) is a major glutamate transporter, and the loss of glast leads to optic nerve degeneration similar to normal tension glaucoma (ntg). |
2011-03-21 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |