| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| S Grillner, T Deliagina, Ekeberg O, A el Manira, R H Hill, A Lansner, G N Orlovsky, P Wallé. Neural networks that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey. Trends in neurosciences. vol 18. issue 6. 1995-11-06. PMID:7571002. |
the networks of the brainstem and spinal cord that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey are described. |
1995-11-06 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| J P Hanna, J I Fran. Automatic stepping in the pontomedullary stage of central herniation. Neurology. vol 45. issue 5. 1995-06-15. PMID:7746419. |
automatic stepping is likely a spinal automatism generated within the spinal locomotion center and regulated by both ascending and descending brainstem tracts. |
1995-06-15 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| G V Di Prisco, R Dubuc, S Grillne. 5-HT innervation of reticulospinal neurons and other brainstem structures in lamprey. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 342. issue 1. 1994-07-12. PMID:7515906. |
in order to determine if reticulospinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion and responsive to exogenously applied 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) are innervated by fibers that contain serotonin, the serotoninergic innervation of reticulospinal neurons, identified by retrograde labeling with fluorescein-conjugated dextran-amine (fda), was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the lamprey brainstem. |
1994-07-12 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| H Takeda, V J Caiozzo, V O Gardne. A functional in vitro model for studying the cellular and molecular basis of spinal cord injury. Spine. vol 18. issue 9. 1993-09-30. PMID:8103243. |
this study represents the first step in developing a powerful model for examining the effect of spinal cord injury on molecular mechanisms responsible for the neurogenesis of locomotion both at the brain stem, spinal motor generator, or sensorimotor level. |
1993-09-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| S Akbarian, O J Grüsser, W O Guldi. Corticofugal projections to the vestibular nuclei in squirrel monkeys: further evidence of multiple cortical vestibular fields. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 332. issue 1. 1993-07-16. PMID:7685782. |
it is speculated that the direct projections of the cortical vestibular structures to the brainstem vestibular nuclei regulate the vestibulo-ocular, the vestibulo-spinal, and the optokinetic reflexes mediated through the vnc, thus preventing counteractions of these reflexes during voluntary, goal-directed head movements or locomotion. |
1993-07-16 |
2023-08-12 |
monkey |
| b' T G Kebkalo, V K Berezovski\\xc4\\xa. [Cellular and fibrillar organization of the locomotor regions of the brain stem in cats]. Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i embriologii. vol 100. issue 6. 1993-02-25. PMID:1726871.' |
a possible role of the neurons and the fibers passing in starting locomotion at activation of the locomotor areas of the brain stem is discussed. |
1993-02-25 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| V V Marlinskii, L P Voitenk. Participation of the medial reticular formation of the medulla oblongata in the supraspinal control of locomotor and postural activities in the guinea pig. Neuroscience and behavioral physiology. vol 22. issue 4. 1992-10-20. PMID:1528425. |
the role of the reticular formation of the brainstem in the supraspinal control of posture and locomotion is discussed. |
1992-10-20 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| b' B Iu Mile\\xc4\\xadkovski\\xc4\\xa. [The interaction of the thalamic parafascicular complex with the brain stem centers that inhibit locomotor activity]. Fiziologicheskii zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova. vol 77. issue 8. 1992-10-09. PMID:1668588.' |
the electrical stimulation of the parafascicular complex suppressed the locomotion and augmented multiunit activity in the inhibitory brain stem centres. |
1992-10-09 |
2023-08-11 |
rat |
| S Mori, K Matsuyama, J Kohyama, Y Kobayashi, K Takakusak. Neuronal constituents of postural and locomotor control systems and their interactions in cats. Brain & development. vol 14 Suppl. 1992-08-11. PMID:1626623. |
studies in both decerebrate, and intact cats have already established the presence of specific areas in the brainstem that subserve control of posture and locomotion. |
1992-08-11 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| Y Nomura, M Segaw. Motor symptoms of the Rett syndrome: abnormal muscle tone, posture, locomotion and stereotyped movement. Brain & development. vol 14 Suppl. 1992-08-11. PMID:1626630. |
the primary responsible neuronal structures of the abnormal muscle tone, posture and locomotion are probably in the brainstem. |
1992-08-11 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G V Di Prisco, R Dubuc, P Wallén, S Grillne. 5-Hydroxytryptamine modulates spike frequency regulation in reticulospinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion in lamprey. Neuroscience letters. vol 134. issue 2. 1992-06-25. PMID:1589154. |
to investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on reticulospinal neurons involved in the initiation and control of locomotion in lamprey, 5-ht (10 mm) was locally pressure ejected on the dorsal surface of the brainstem during intracellular recordings from identified reticulospinal neurons in the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation. |
1992-06-25 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| b' V K Berezovski\\xc4\\xa. [The brain stem pathways of locomotion initiation]. Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology. vol 23. issue 4. 1991-11-20. PMID:1922568.' |
[the brain stem pathways of locomotion initiation]. |
1991-11-20 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| b' V K Berezovski\\xc4\\xa. [The brain stem pathways of locomotion initiation]. Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology. vol 23. issue 4. 1991-11-20. PMID:1922568.' |
it is suggested that side by side with the multilevel system of the locomotion initiation, which has an output on the spinal cord via medial reticular formation, nonspecific afferent activation of the brain stem is also very significant. |
1991-11-20 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. II. gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1655510. |
avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. II. gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1655510. |
1991) described the brainstem locomoter regions in the bird where direct intracerebral injection of a number of putative excitatory neurochemicals, including cholinergic agonists, n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) and substance p, evoke locomotion. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. II. gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1655510. |
locomotion was evoked after the injection of the gaba antagonists picrotoxin (a gabaa receptor antagonist) and bicuculline (gabaa antagonist) into several brainstem locomoter regions. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. II. gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1655510. |
brainstem stimulated locomotion (both chemically and electrically induced) could be transiently blocked by intracerebral infusion of gaba and irreversibly blocked by muscimol (gabaa agonist). |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. I. Acetylcholine excitatory amino acids and substance P. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1717306. |
avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. I. Acetylcholine excitatory amino acids and substance P. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1717306. |
i. acetylcholine excitatory amino acids and substance p. previous studies have demonstrated that focal electrical stimulation of regions within the brainstem of a decerebrate bird will elicit all the normal patterns of avian locomotion. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| G N Sholomenko, G D Funk, J D Steeve. Avian locomotion activated by brainstem infusion of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists. I. Acetylcholine excitatory amino acids and substance P. Experimental brain research. vol 85. issue 3. 1991-11-05. PMID:1717306. |
the above observations strongly suggest that brainstem electrically-stimulated locomotion in decerebrate birds is not due to activation of fibers traversing a brainstem locomotor region, but instead, is due to the activation of receptors located on neuronal cell bodies, dendrites or presynaptic terminals in the immediate vicinity of the micropipette tip. |
1991-11-05 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |