| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| O Hikosak. GABAergic output of the basal ganglia. Progress in brain research. vol 160. 2007-09-28. PMID:17499116. |
using gabaergic outputs from the snr or gp(i), the basal ganglia exert inhibitory control over several motor areas in the brainstem which in turn control the central pattern generators for the basic motor repertoire including eye-head orientation, locomotion, mouth movements, and vocalization. |
2007-09-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R W Smetana, S Alford, R Dubu. Muscarinic receptor activation elicits sustained, recurring depolarizations in reticulospinal neurons. Journal of neurophysiology. vol 97. issue 5. 2007-07-17. PMID:17344371. |
cholinergic muscarinic agonists also induce locomotion when applied to the brain stem of birds. |
2007-07-17 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Reiner, I Sukhotinsky, M Devo. Mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area projects independently to the rostromedial medulla and to the spinal cord. Neuroscience. vol 146. issue 3. 2007-07-03. PMID:17395384. |
however, we found that microinjection of gabaa-receptor (gabaa-r) active anesthetics into a restricted locus in the rat brainstem, the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (mpta), rapidly induces a reversible anesthesia-like state characterized by suppressed locomotion, atonia, anti-nociception and loss of consciousness. |
2007-07-03 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Maria N Arizzi-LaFrance, Mercè Correa, Carlos M G Aragon, John D Salamon. Motor stimulant effects of ethanol injected into the substantia nigra pars reticulata: importance of catalase-mediated metabolism and the role of acetaldehyde. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. vol 31. issue 5. 2006-06-06. PMID:16123765. |
ethanol injected into a control site dorsal to substantia nigra failed to stimulate locomotion, and another inactive site was identified in brainstem areas posterior to substantia nigra. |
2006-06-06 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Michael A Staup, Donald J Stehouwe. Ontogeny of L-DOPA-induced locomotion: Expression of c-Fos in the brainstem and basal ganglia of rats. Brain research. vol 1068. issue 1. 2006-04-04. PMID:16386717. |
ontogeny of l-dopa-induced locomotion: expression of c-fos in the brainstem and basal ganglia of rats. |
2006-04-04 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Masaya Segaw. Early motor disturbances in Rett syndrome and its pathophysiological importance. Brain & development. vol 27 Suppl 1. 2006-02-21. PMID:16182486. |
clinical evaluation has revealed the former as postural hypotonia with failure in locomotion and neurophysiological examinations have showed this to be due to hypofunction of the aminergic neurons of the brainstem. |
2006-02-21 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Masaya Segaw. Early motor disturbances in Rett syndrome and its pathophysiological importance. Brain & development. vol 27 Suppl 1. 2006-02-21. PMID:16182486. |
by comparison with animal experimental work the neurohistochemical changes in the substantia nigra of the autopsied brain of rtt suggest a lesion caused by the dysfunction of the pedunculopontine nucleus, induced by dysfunction of the brainstem aminergic neurons which modulate postural tone and locomotion. |
2006-02-21 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Masaya Segaw. Early motor disturbances in Rett syndrome and its pathophysiological importance. Brain & development. vol 27 Suppl 1. 2006-02-21. PMID:16182486. |
thus, dysfunction of the aminergic neurons of the brainstem which regulate postural tone and locomotion is proposed as the primary lesion. |
2006-02-21 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Jun Liu, Larry M Jorda. Stimulation of the parapyramidal region of the neonatal rat brain stem produces locomotor-like activity involving spinal 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors. Journal of neurophysiology. vol 94. issue 2. 2005-09-22. PMID:15872068. |
here we show for the first time that activation of a discrete population of 5-ht neurons in the rodent brain stem produces locomotion and that the evoked locomotion requires 5-ht7 and 5-ht2a receptors. |
2005-09-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Sten Grillner, Jeanette Hellgren, Ariane Ménard, Kazuya Saitoh, Martin A Wikströ. Mechanisms for selection of basic motor programs--roles for the striatum and pallidum. Trends in neurosciences. vol 28. issue 7. 2005-08-30. PMID:15935487. |
the nervous system contains a toolbox of motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord--that is, neuronal networks designed to handle the basic motor repertoire required for survival, including locomotion, posture, eye movements, breathing, chewing, swallowing and expression of emotions. |
2005-08-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Frédéric Brocard, Cédric Bardy, Réjean Dubu. Modulatory effect of substance P to the brain stem locomotor command in lampreys. Journal of neurophysiology. vol 93. issue 4. 2005-04-28. PMID:15548630. |
substance p initiates locomotion when injected in the brain stem of mammals. |
2005-04-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Eugene Zaporozhets, Kristine C Cowley, Brian J Schmid. A reliable technique for the induction of locomotor-like activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord using brainstem electrical stimulation. Journal of neuroscience methods. vol 139. issue 1. 2004-12-15. PMID:15351519. |
the use of brainstem electrical stimulation (bes) to evoke locomotion in in vivo preparations, such as the decerebrate cat, is well established. |
2004-12-15 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Masaya Segaw. [Visual child neurology]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology. vol 43. issue 11. 2004-08-13. PMID:15152453. |
here, i reviewed the characteristic symptoms and their pathophysiologies of rett syndrome, dyt-1, autosomal dominant gtp cyclohydrolase i (adgch i) deficiency, tourette syndrome (ts) and early-onset ataxia with ocular motor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia (eaoh), and suggested that the brainstem aminergic neurons modulating the locomotion have roles for development of the frontal cortex, the dopaminergic neurons and basal ganglia pathways involving in the action dystonia for motor execution and the serotonergic and the dopaminergic neurons projectioning to the nonmotor basal ganglia thalamocortical circuits for development of the frontal area, the targets of the circuits. |
2004-08-13 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Trevor Drew, Stephen Prentice, Bénédicte Schepen. Cortical and brainstem control of locomotion. Progress in brain research. vol 143. 2003-12-18. PMID:14653170. |
cortical and brainstem control of locomotion. |
2003-12-18 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Takakusaki, T Habaguchi, J Ohtinata-Sugimoto, K Saitoh, T Sakamot. Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction. Neuroscience. vol 119. issue 1. 2003-07-28. PMID:12763089. |
basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction. |
2003-07-28 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Didier Le Ray, Frédéric Brocard, Céline Bourcier-Lucas, François Auclair, Philippe Lafaille, Réjean Dubu. Nicotinic activation of reticulospinal cells involved in the control of swimming in lampreys. The European journal of neuroscience. vol 17. issue 1. 2003-04-28. PMID:12534977. |
in lampreys as in other vertebrates, brainstem centres play a key role in the initiation and control of locomotion. |
2003-04-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Masaya Segawa, Toyojiro Matsuish. [Rett syndrome: correlation of clinical symptoms and the mutations in the gene of methyl CPG binding protein 2 (MeCP2): introductory remarks]. No to hattatsu = Brain and development. vol 34. issue 3. 2002-05-31. PMID:12030006. |
the brainstem aminergic neurons are affected in early infancy, resulting in failure in locomotion, head growth and language. |
2002-05-31 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Mileikovskii BYU, L I Kiyashchenko, E S Titko. Changes in neuron activity in the dorsolateral part of the pons during stimulation of areas of the brainstem inhibiting movement and muscle tone. Neuroscience and behavioral physiology. vol 31. issue 6. 2002-05-09. PMID:11766905. |
it is suggested that stimulation of the inhibitory parts of the brainstem simultaneously activates the reticulospinal inhibitory system, hyperpolarizing spinal alpha-motoneurons, and inhibits the neuron population of the mesencephalic locomotor region, which relates to the induction of locomotion and muscle tone. |
2002-05-09 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| M Segaw. Pathophysiology of Rett syndrome from the stand point of clinical characteristics. Brain & development. vol 23 Suppl 1. 2002-03-13. PMID:11738850. |
hypofunction of the aminergic neurons in the brainstem and midbrain is suggested as the cause of dysfunction of these neuronal systems, for those of locomotion, the noradrenarlin (na) and/or the serotonin (5ht) neurons and for the stereotyped hand movement the dopamine (da) neurons. |
2002-03-13 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| P Fagerstedt, F Ullé. Lateral turns in the Lamprey. I. Patterns of motoneuron activity. Journal of neurophysiology. vol 86. issue 5. 2002-02-06. PMID:11698515. |
the activity of motoneurons during lateral turns was studied in a lower vertebrate, the lamprey, to investigate how a supraspinal command for the change of direction during locomotion is transmitted from the brain stem and integrated with the activity of the spinal locomotor pattern generator. |
2002-02-06 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |