| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| Stelios G Psycharakis, Carlton B Cooke, Giorgos P Paradisis, John O'Hara, Gary Phillip. Analysis of selected kinematic and physiological performance determinants during incremental testing in elite swimmers. Journal of strength and conditioning research. vol 22. issue 3. 2008-08-07. PMID:18438216. |
stroke rate (sr), stroke length (sl), velocity (v), and blood lactate concentration (bla) were measured for each 200 m. in addition to the cross-sectional group design, the longitudinal performance of a male swimmer was evaluated by 4 tests during a period of 20 weeks. |
2008-08-07 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Stelios G Psycharakis, Carlton B Cooke, Giorgos P Paradisis, John O'Hara, Gary Phillip. Analysis of selected kinematic and physiological performance determinants during incremental testing in elite swimmers. Journal of strength and conditioning research. vol 22. issue 3. 2008-08-07. PMID:18438216. |
stroke rate increased and sl decreased with v, regardless of the age, stroke, or gender of the swimmer. |
2008-08-07 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Tiago M Barbosa, R J Fernandes, K L Keskinen, J P Vilas-Boa. The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European journal of applied physiology. vol 103. issue 2. 2008-07-03. PMID:18214521. |
the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between energy cost (c), swimming velocity (v), stroke frequency (sf) and stroke length (sl) in top-level swimmers. |
2008-07-03 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Tiago M Barbosa, R J Fernandes, K L Keskinen, J P Vilas-Boa. The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European journal of applied physiology. vol 103. issue 2. 2008-07-03. PMID:18214521. |
the polynomial relationship between v and sl was significant only in freestyle and butterfly stroke. |
2008-07-03 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Tiago M Barbosa, R J Fernandes, K L Keskinen, J P Vilas-Boa. The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European journal of applied physiology. vol 103. issue 2. 2008-07-03. PMID:18214521. |
it is concluded that manipulation of stroke mechanics variables (sf and sl) may be one of the factors through which c in competitive swimming can be altered for a given v. |
2008-07-03 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| P Hellard, J Dekerle, M Avalos, N Caudal, M Knopp, C Hausswirt. Kinematic measures and stroke rate variability in elite female 200-m swimmers in the four swimming techniques: Athens 2004 Olympic semi-finalists and French National 2004 Championship semi-finalists. Journal of sports sciences. vol 26. issue 1. 2008-04-30. PMID:17896287. |
since swimming speed (v) is the product of stroke rate (sr) and stroke length (sl), these three variables and the coefficient of variation of stroke rate (cv(sr)) of the first and second 100 m were determined (v1, v2; sr1, sr2; sl1, sl2; cv(sr)1, cv(sr)2) and differences between the two parts of the events were calculated (deltav; deltasr; deltasl; deltacv(sr)). |
2008-04-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| C Schnitzler, V Ernwein, L Seifert, D Cholle. Comparison of spatio-temporal, metabolic, and psychometric responses in recreational and highly trained swimmers during and after a 400-m freestyle swim. International journal of sports medicine. vol 28. issue 2. 2007-04-03. PMID:17024620. |
mean speed, stroke rate (sr), and stroke length (sl) were obtained from video recordings. |
2007-04-03 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Giorgio Gatta, Piero Benelli, Massimiliano Ditroil. The decline of swimming performance with advancing age: a cross-sectional study. Journal of strength and conditioning research. vol 20. issue 4. 2007-01-30. PMID:17194249. |
the aim of this cross-sectional study was to measure the swimming parameters-speed (v), stroke frequency (sf), and stroke length (sl)- in 162 male athletes aged 50-90 (divided into 7 age groups, from a to g) participating in the world master championships in the 200-m freestyle event, and to analyze the rates and magnitudes of their age-associated declines. |
2007-01-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Huub M Toussaint, Arnoud Carol, Hilke Kranenborg, Martin J Truijen. Effect of fatigue on stroking characteristics in an arms-only 100-m front-crawl race. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. vol 38. issue 9. 2006-12-12. PMID:16960525. |
race analyses during swimming provide information on the time-dependent values of, among other variables, a swimmer's clean swimming speed (v), stroke rate (sr), and stroke length (sl). |
2006-12-12 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| T M Barbosa, K L Keskinen, R Fernandes, P Colaço, C Carmo, J P Vilas-Boa. Relationships between energetic, stroke determinants, and velocity in butterfly. International journal of sports medicine. vol 26. issue 10. 2006-03-16. PMID:16320168. |
total energy expenditure (e (tot)), energetic cost (ec), stroke frequency (sf), stroke length (sl), mean swimming velocity (v), and stroke index (si) were calculated for each lap and average for each 200-m stage. |
2006-03-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M Alberty, M Sidney, F Huot-Marchand, J M Hespel, P Pelay. Intracyclic velocity variations and arm coordination during exhaustive exercise in front crawl stroke. International journal of sports medicine. vol 26. issue 6. 2005-12-06. PMID:16037890. |
results showed an increase in the relative duration of the propulsive time, which induced a change in arm coordination as fatigue developed in relation to a decrease in stroke length (sl) and stroke rate (sr) (p<0.05). |
2005-12-06 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| L Seifert, L Boulesteix, M Carter, D Cholle. The spatial-temporal and coordinative structures in elite male 100-m front crawl swimmers. International journal of sports medicine. vol 26. issue 4. 2005-08-01. PMID:15795813. |
swim performance was analysed over each length of a 25-m pool divided into five zones of 5 m. velocity (v), stroke rate (sr), and stroke length (sl) were calculated for each zone and each length. |
2005-08-01 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Laurent Paul Laffite, Juan Paulo Vilas-Boas, Alexandre Demarle, José Silva, Ricardo Fernandes, Véronique Louise Billa. Changes in physiological and stroke parameters during a maximal 400-m free swimming test in elite swimmers. Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee. vol 29 Suppl. 2005-02-02. PMID:15602082. |
sr decreased significantly after the first 100-m, then increased until the end, while stroke length (sl) decreased linearly throughout the 400-m. during the first or the last 100-m, escana was not correlated with the changes in v, sr, or sl between the second and the first 100-m, and between the fourth and the third 100-m, respectively. |
2005-02-02 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Per-Ludvik Kjendlie, Robert Keig Stallman, James Stray-Gunderse. Adults have lower stroke rate during submaximal front crawl swimming than children. European journal of applied physiology. vol 91. issue 5-6. 2004-11-30. PMID:14685866. |
the aim of this study was to examine the effects of body size and propelling surface size on stroke rate (sr) and stroke length (sl) during front crawl swimming. |
2004-11-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Hideki Takagi, Seiji Sugimoto, Naohiko Nishijima, Barry Wilso. Differences in stroke phases, arm-leg coordination and velocity fluctuation due to event, gender and performance level in breaststroke. Sports biomechanics. vol 3. issue 1. 2004-07-27. PMID:15079985. |
mean mid-pool swimming hip velocity (v), stroke rate (sr) and stroke length (sl) were also calculated. |
2004-07-27 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| B Poujade, C A Hautier, A Rouar. Determinants of the energy cost of front-crawl swimming in children. European journal of applied physiology. vol 87. issue 1. 2003-01-10. PMID:12012070. |
oxygen consumption (douglas bag method), stroke frequency (sf) and stroke length (sl) were calculated during the last 50 m of each 200 m. the mean (sd) vo(2max) of the young swimmers was 2.19 (0.38) l x min(-1) at a maximal aerobic velocity of 1.19 (0.03) m x s(-1). |
2003-01-10 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K A Hutcheson, B Z Atkins, M T Hueman, M B Hopkins, D D Glower, D A Taylo. Comparison of benefits on myocardial performance of cellular cardiomyoplasty with skeletal myoblasts and fibroblasts. Cell transplantation. vol 9. issue 3. 2000-12-22. PMID:10972335. |
quantification of systolic performance was based on the linear regression of regional stroke work and end-diastolic (ed) sl. |
2000-12-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rabbit |
| P Pelayo, M Sidney, P Moretto, F Wille, D Cholle. Stroking parameters in top level swimmers with a disability. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. vol 31. issue 12. 2000-01-27. PMID:10613437. |
the purposes of this study were to analyze velocity (v), stroke length (sl), and stroke rate (sr) values during the 100-m freestyle competitive events in top level male and female swimmers with a disability (ds) according to the international functional classification system (fcs) and to compare the results obtained with those of able-bodied swimmers (abs). |
2000-01-27 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| P Pelayo, F Wille, M Sidney, S Berthoin, J M Lavoi. Swimming performances and stroking parameters in non skilled grammar school pupils: relation with age, gender and some anthropometric characteristics. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. vol 37. issue 3. 1998-01-13. PMID:9407749. |
it was hypothesized that swimming velocity (v) and stroking parameters such as stroke length (sl), stroke rate (sr) and stroke index (si) are influenced by age, gender, and some anthropometric characteristics. |
1998-01-13 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Wakayoshi, T Yoshida, Y Ikuta, Y Mutoh, M Miyashit. Adaptations to six months of aerobic swim training. Changes in velocity, stroke rate, stroke length and blood lactate. International journal of sports medicine. vol 14. issue 7. 1994-01-06. PMID:8244602. |
the purpose of this investigation was to determine how swimming velocity (sv), stroke rate (sr), stroke length (sl) and blood lactate concentration change as adaptations to six months of aerobic swim training. |
1994-01-06 |
2023-08-12 |
human |