| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| Sara González, Maribel Cebeira, Javier Fernández-Rui. Cannabinoid tolerance and dependence: a review of studies in laboratory animals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. vol 81. issue 2. 2005-09-08. PMID:15919107. |
since the discovery in the 1990s of the endocannabinoid signaling system as the target for the action of plant-derived cannabinoids, many studies have addressed these two questions in laboratory animals and, although the results have resulted controversial in various aspects, the following conclusions seem evident: (i) prolonged exposure to plant-derived, synthetic or endogenous cannabinoid agonists in laboratory animals is currently associated with the development of tolerance for most of their pharmacological effects, (ii) tolerance is essentially due to adaptative phenomena consisting in pharmacodynamic events (down-regulation/desensitization of cannabinoid receptors), although some evidence exist on additional pharmacokinetic responses, (iii) the discontinuation of chronic cannabinoid treatment does not elicit abstinence responses spontaneously in most of the cases, presumably because the pharmacokinetic characteristics of cannabinoids, but these responses may be elicited after the blockade of cannabinoid cb1 receptors in cannabinoid-tolerant animals, (iv) these abstinent responses include mainly somatic signs and changes in various molecular processes affected during the abstinence to other drugs although the magnitude of these changes was currently lower in the case of cannabinoids, and (v) cannabinoid-tolerant animals do not appear to be more vulnerable to reinforcing properties of morphine, although the manipulation of the endocannabinoid signaling might serve to treat cannabis addiction and, in particular, the addiction to other drugs such as alcohol, nicotine or opioids. |
2005-09-08 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Scott E Bowen, Jeffery C Batis, Michael H Mohammadi, John H Hanniga. Abuse pattern of gestational toluene exposure and early postnatal development in rats. Neurotoxicology and teratology. vol 27. issue 1. 2005-05-02. PMID:15681125. |
inhalant abuse in the united states trails only alcohol, marijuana and nicotine abuse. |
2005-05-02 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Andra M Smith, Peter A Fried, Matthew J Hogan, Ian Camero. Effects of prenatal marijuana on response inhibition: an fMRI study of young adults. Neurotoxicology and teratology. vol 26. issue 4. 2004-08-23. PMID:15203175. |
these findings were observed when controlling for present marijuana use and prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol and caffeine, and suggest that prenatal marijuana exposure is related to changes in neural activity during response inhibition that last into young adulthood. |
2004-08-23 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| V Seuti. [Effects of nicotine and cannabinoids on the central nervous system]. Revue medicale de Liege. vol 58. issue 1. 2003-04-18. PMID:12647593. |
we describe the molecular mechanisms of action of nicotine and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the most potent component of cannabis. |
2003-04-18 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K Blum, E R Braverman, J M Holder, J F Lubar, V J Monastra, D Miller, J O Lubar, T J Chen, D E Coming. Reward deficiency syndrome: a biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors. Journal of psychoactive drugs. vol 32 Suppl. 2001-04-26. PMID:11280926. |
therefore lack of d2 receptors causes individuals to have a high risk for multiple addictive, impulsive and compulsive behavioral propensities, such as severe alcoholism, cocaine, heroin, marijuana and nicotine use, glucose bingeing, pathological gambling, sex addiction, adhd, tourette's syndrome, autism, chronic violence, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizoid/avoidant cluster, conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. |
2001-04-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| D E Comings, K Blu. Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders. Progress in brain research. vol 126. 2001-01-18. PMID:11105655. |
however, the same release of dopamine and production of sensations of pleasure can be produced by 'unnatural rewards' such as alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, nicotine, marijuana, and other drugs, and by compulsive activities such as gambling, eating, and sex, and by risk taking behaviors. |
2001-01-18 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| H Kobayashi, T Suzuki, R Kamata, S Saito, I Sato, S Tsuda, N Matsusak. Recent progress in the neurotoxicology of natural drugs associated with dependence or addiction, their endogenous agonists and receptors. The Journal of toxicological sciences. vol 24. issue 1. 1999-04-22. PMID:10073332. |
nicotine in tobacco, tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) in marijuana and morphine in opium are well known as drugs associated with dependence or addiction. |
1999-04-22 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| H Kobayashi, T Suzuki, R Kamata, S Saito, I Sato, S Tsuda, N Matsusak. Recent progress in the neurotoxicology of natural drugs associated with dependence or addiction, their endogenous agonists and receptors. The Journal of toxicological sciences. vol 24. issue 1. 1999-04-22. PMID:10073332. |
in this article we shall review recent findings related to the neurotoxicity of tobacco, marijuana and opium, and their toxic ingredients, nicotine, delta 9-thc and morphine in relation to their respective endogenous agents and receptors in the cns. |
1999-04-22 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K R Müller-Vahl, H Kolbe, R Dengle. [Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Effect of nicotine, alcohol and marihuana on clinical symptoms]. Der Nervenarzt. vol 68. issue 12. 1998-04-01. PMID:9465342. |
using a structured interview, we questioned a larger group of patients with tourette syndrome (n = 47) about the use of nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana and their subjective experiences. |
1998-04-01 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| K R Müller-Vahl, H Kolbe, R Dengle. [Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Effect of nicotine, alcohol and marihuana on clinical symptoms]. Der Nervenarzt. vol 68. issue 12. 1998-04-01. PMID:9465342. |
our results provided strong evidence that the use of both alcohol and marijuana causes much more improvement in ts than nicotine smoking. |
1998-04-01 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| F Arias Horcajadas, J J Padín Calo, M A Fernández Gonzále. [Drug use and dependence in schizophrenia]. Actas luso-espanolas de neurologia, psiquiatria y ciencias afines. vol 25. issue 6. 1998-03-31. PMID:9477606. |
the patients with negative subtype of schizophrenia had more clinical severity, less scoring in alcohol and drugs subscales of asi, lower prevalence of nicotine dependence and cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis and opioids use. |
1998-03-31 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| E C Van Ammers, J D Sellman, R T Mulde. Temperament and substance abuse in schizophrenia: is there a relationship? The Journal of nervous and mental disease. vol 185. issue 5. 1997-06-12. PMID:9171804. |
there was a significant correlation between the novelty-seeking dimension and past use of alcohol, cannabis, and caffeine and current use of caffeine and nicotine. |
1997-06-12 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R A Wis. Addictive drugs and brain stimulation reward. Annual review of neuroscience. vol 19. 1997-05-12. PMID:8833446. |
cocaine, mu and delta opiates, nicotine, phencyclidine, and cannabis each have actions that summate with rewarding electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (mfb). |
1997-05-12 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R A Wis. Neurobiology of addiction. Current opinion in neurobiology. vol 6. issue 2. 1996-12-16. PMID:8725967. |
recent advances in our understanding of the chemical 'trigger zones' in which individual drugs of abuse initiate their habit-forming actions have revealed that such disparate drugs as heroin, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, phencyclidine, and cannabis activate common reward circuitry in the brain. |
1996-12-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| E Hamera, J K Schneider, S Devine. Alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine use and symptom distress in schizophrenia. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. vol 183. issue 9. 1995-10-26. PMID:7561817. |
alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine use and symptom distress in schizophrenia. |
1995-10-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| M Marselos, V Vasiliou, M Malamas, F Alikaridis, T Kefala. Effects of cannabis and tobacco on the enzymes of alcohol metabolism in the rat. Reviews on environmental health. vol 9. issue 1. 1992-01-02. PMID:1957048. |
the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) were measured in the liver and the brain, after treatment with an extract of cannabis resin, with an extract of tobacco leaves, or with nicotine. |
1992-01-02 |
2023-08-11 |
rat |
| M E Mohs, R R Watson, T Leonard-Gree. Nutritional effects of marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and nicotine. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. vol 90. issue 9. 1990-10-12. PMID:2204648. |
use of addictive drugs, such as cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine, affects food and liquid intake behavior, taste preference, and body weight. |
1990-10-12 |
2023-08-11 |
human |
| P P Roy-Byrne, T W Uhd. Exogenous factors in panic disorder: clinical and research implications. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. vol 49. issue 2. 1988-03-15. PMID:3276668. |
the authors review certain exogenous factors that seem capable of triggering attacks and/or increasing their frequency and intensity: self-administered pharmacologic agents (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, over-the-counter cold preparations, cannabis, cocaine); habits (sleep deprivation, diet, exercise, relaxation, hyperventilation); and aspects of the environment (fluorescent lighting, life stressors). |
1988-03-15 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |
| b' A Medek, J Navr\\xc3\\xa1til, J Hrbek, J Mac\\xc3\\xa1kov\\xc3\\xa1, A Sirok\\xc3\\xa1, Z Krejc\\xc3\\xa. Comparison of the effect of atropine and cannabis upon the fixed conditioned alimentary motor reflexes in cats affected by nicotine. Activitas nervosa superior. vol 16. issue 3. 1975-01-08. PMID:4417860.' |
comparison of the effect of atropine and cannabis upon the fixed conditioned alimentary motor reflexes in cats affected by nicotine. |
1975-01-08 |
2023-08-11 |
Not clear |